三種獲取平臺平面度原始數據的方法
1、圖(tu)(tu)解(jie)法:所謂圖(tu)(tu)解(jie)法是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種幾何作圖(tu)(tu)求解(jie)法。鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)按(an)結構分為筋(jin)板(ban)式(shi)和箱(xiang)體式(shi);按(an)用(yong)途分為檢驗(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)、劃線平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)和壓(ya)砂平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban);按(an)準確度級別(bie)分為00、0、1、2、3級平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban),其(qi)中2級以上(shang)為檢驗(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban),3級為劃線平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)。鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)又稱鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai),外(wai)觀基(ji)(ji)(ji)本上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)體式(shi),工(gong)(gong)作面(mian)有(you)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)、正方(fang)形(xing)(xing)、圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng),材料為HT200-300,QT400-600,采(cai)用(yong)刮研工(gong)(gong)藝,工(gong)(gong)作面(mian)上(shang)可加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)V形(xing)(xing)、T形(xing)(xing)、U形(xing)(xing)槽、燕尾槽、圓(yuan)孔(kong)、長(chang)孔(kong)等(deng)(deng),是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于工(gong)(gong)件、設備(bei)檢測、劃線、裝配、焊(han)接、組裝、鉚焊(han)的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)準量(liang)具。它是(shi)(shi)(shi)以各測點(dian)的(de)測量(liang)(cè liáng)值(zhi)按(an)比(bi)例在進角坐標系上(shang)描點(dian),用(yong)作圖(tu)(tu)方(fang)式(shi)從坐標圖(tu)(tu)上(shang)量(liang)取平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)度偏(pian)差值(zhi)。鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)又稱鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban),外(wai)觀基(ji)(ji)(ji)本上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)體式(shi),工(gong)(gong)作面(mian)有(you)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)、正方(fang)形(xing)(xing)、圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng),材料為HT200-300,QT400-600,采(cai)用(yong)刮研工(gong)(gong)藝,工(gong)(gong)作面(mian)上(shang)可加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)V形(xing)(xing)、T形(xing)(xing)、U形(xing)(xing)槽、燕尾槽、圓(yuan)孔(kong)、長(chang)孔(kong)等(deng)(deng),是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于工(gong)(gong)件、設備(bei)檢測、劃線、裝配、焊(han)接、組裝、鉚焊(han)的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)準量(liang)具。它有(you)簡單、直觀的(de)優點(dian),但該法需用(yong)坐標紙準確作圖(tu)(tu),且有(you)作圖(tu)(tu)誤差,適合現場使用(yong)(use)。
2、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(rotate)法(fa):旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)法(fa)是(shi)將測(ce)基(ji)(ji)面(mian)經過適當變換(旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)或平移),使(shi)(shi)測(ce)量(cè liáng)基(ji)(ji)面(mian)和評定基(ji)(ji)面(mian)重合,獲(huo)得符(fu)合zui小條件(tiáo jiàn)的(de)位置(position ),通過測(ce)量(cè liáng)數據(data)的(de)交換獲(huo)取(obtain)平面(mian)度誤差。該法(fa)不(bu)需使(shi)(shi)用繪圖或計算(calculate )工具(ju),有簡便易行的(de)優點,具(ju)體(ti)操作(operate)時常需做多次旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),對不(bu)熟練(lian)者效率(efficiency)不(bu)。但該法(fa)是(shi)zui基(ji)(ji)本(ben)的(de)方法(fa)(method),只要(yao)掌(zhang)握旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)要(yao)領(ling),most終必能(neng)達到(dao)目(mu)的(de)。
3、計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)法:應用(application)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)公式(shi)獲得平面度(du)誤(wu)(wu)差值(zhi)。該法有計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)_的優(you)點,但(dan)需(xu)事先(xian)判(pan)準低(di)點,否則將造成計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)錯誤(wu)(wu)或(huo)影響其計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)準確度(du)。指出,上述三種方(fang)法在(zai)使用中具有同等(deng)價值(zhi)(value),可按其掌握程度(du)、測量(cè liáng)條件靈活選用。在(zai)實際工作(zuo)(job)中采用哪一種方(fang)法,取決于工作(zuo)現場的具體(ti)條件和(he)人(ren)員的 長與(yu)水(shui)平而定。
用計(ji)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)獲取鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(cast iron)平(ping)臺對(dui)(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)法(fa)原(yuan)始(Original)數(shu)據的(de)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)法(fa)是以對(dui)(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)平(ping)面(mian)為理想(xiang)平(ping)面(mian)評(ping)定平(ping)面(mian)度(du)的(de)一種數(shu)據算(suan)(suan)得(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)。數(shu)據處理(processing)是將(jiang)水(shui)平(ping)儀或(huo)自準直儀得(de)(de)到(dao)的(de)截(jie)面(mian)各點相對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)該截(jie)面(mian)兩端(duan)點連線(xian)(xian)的(de)直線(xian)(xian)度(du)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)(cha)值(zhi)折合到(dao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)平(ping)面(mian)上,計(ji)算(suan)(suan)出(chu)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)理想(xiang)平(ping)面(mian)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)(cha)。當(dang)按對(dui)(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)原(yuan)則評(ping)定時,則取其(qi)most大偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)(cha)于(yu)most小偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)(cha)的(de)代數(shu)差(cha)(cha)為所求平(ping)面(mian)度(du)誤差(cha)(cha)值(zhi);當(dang)按most小條(tiao)件原(yuan)則評(ping)定時,則將(jiang)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)出(chu)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)理想(xiang)平(ping)面(mian)的(de)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)(cha)作(zuo)為對(dui)(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)法(fa)的(de)原(yuan)始數(shu)據。
從數(shu)據(ju)統計的(de)(de)觀點(dian)看,欲得到(dao)比較合(he)理 的(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(cè liáng)結果(guo),在數(shu)據(ju)處理時應盡量(liang)充分利用測(ce)點(dian)提(ti)供的(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(cè liáng)數(shu)據(ju),而這些測(ce)量(liang)(cè liáng)數(shu)據(ju)反(fan)映客觀實際。同時測(ce)量(liang)(cè liáng)截面(mian)(mian)與(yu)測(ce)點(dian)的(de)(de)分布(bu)需與(yu)評(ping)(ping)定(ding)平面(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)誤(wu)差的(de)(de)原則相適應,當與(yu)評(ping)(ping)定(ding)原則不(bu)符(fu)時,則應考(kao)慮(consider)便于對測(ce)量(liang)(cè liáng)結果(guo)進(jin)行基面(mian)(mian)變換。可見(jian)布(bu)線點(dian)的(de)(de)方(fang)式將影(ying)響平面(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)數(shu)據(ju)處理的(de)(de)復雜性及平面(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)誤(wu)差測(ce)量(liang)(cè liáng)準備度(du)(du)。