1、圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)解法(fa)(fa)：所(suo)謂圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)解法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)幾何作圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)求解法(fa)(fa)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺按(an)結(jie)構分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筋(jin)板(ban)(ban)式和箱體(ti)(ti)(ti)式;按(an)用(yong)(yong)途(tu)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)檢(jian)驗平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)、劃線(xian)(xian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)和壓(ya)砂平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban);按(an)準確(que)度(du)級(ji)別分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)00、0、1、2、3級(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)，其中2級(ji)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)檢(jian)驗平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)，3級(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)劃線(xian)(xian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺又稱(cheng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺，外觀基本上(shang)(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)箱體(ti)(ti)(ti)式，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、正(zheng)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等，材(cai)料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)HT200-300，QT400-600，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)刮研(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)可加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)V形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、T形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、U形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)槽(cao)(cao)、燕(yan)尾(wei)槽(cao)(cao)、圓孔(kong)(kong)、長孔(kong)(kong)等，是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件、設(she)備(bei)檢(jian)測、劃線(xian)(xian)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配、焊(han)接、組裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、鉚焊(han)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)基準量(liang)(liang)(liang)具。它是(shi)(shi)以各(ge)測點的(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(cè liáng)值按(an)比例在進(jin)角坐標系上(shang)(shang)(shang)描(miao)點，用(yong)(yong)作圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)式從坐標圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)取平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)偏差值。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺又稱(cheng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)，外觀基本上(shang)(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)箱體(ti)(ti)(ti)式，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、正(zheng)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等，材(cai)料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)HT200-300，QT400-600，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)刮研(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)可加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)V形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、T形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、U形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)槽(cao)(cao)、燕(yan)尾(wei)槽(cao)(cao)、圓孔(kong)(kong)、長孔(kong)(kong)等，是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件、設(she)備(bei)檢(jian)測、劃線(xian)(xian)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配、焊(han)接、組裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、鉚焊(han)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)基準量(liang)(liang)(liang)具。它有簡單、直觀的(de)(de)優點，但該(gai)法(fa)(fa)需用(yong)(yong)坐標紙準確(que)作圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，且有作圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)誤差，適(shi)合現場使用(yong)(yong)(use)。

　　2、旋(xuan)轉(rotate)法(fa)：旋(xuan)轉法(fa)是將測(ce)(ce)(ce)基(ji)(ji)面經(jing)過適當(dang)變換(旋(xuan)轉或平移)，使測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(cè liáng)基(ji)(ji)面和(he)評定(ding)基(ji)(ji)面重合，獲得符合zui小條(tiao)件(tiáo jiàn)的(de)位(wei)置(position )，通過測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(cè liáng)數據(data)的(de)交換獲取(obtain)平面度誤(wu)差。該法(fa)不(bu)需使用繪圖或計算(calculate )工具(ju)(ju)，有簡便易行(xing)的(de)優點，具(ju)(ju)體(ti)操(cao)作(operate)時常需做多次(ci)旋(xuan)轉，對(dui)不(bu)熟練者效率(efficiency)不(bu)。但(dan)該法(fa)是zui基(ji)(ji)本的(de)方法(fa)(method)，只要掌握旋(xuan)轉要領(ling)，most終必(bi)能達到(dao)目的(de)。

　　3、計(ji)算(suan)法：應(ying)用(application)計(ji)算(suan)公式(shi)獲得平面度(du)誤差(cha)值。該法有(you)計(ji)算(suan)_的優點(dian)，但需事先判(pan)準低點(dian)，否則將(jiang)造成計(ji)算(suan)錯誤或影響(xiang)其計(ji)算(suan)準確度(du)。指出，上述三種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法在使(shi)用中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)同等(deng)價值(value)，可按其掌(zhang)握程度(du)、測(ce)量(cè liáng)條件(jian)靈活選用。在實際工作(job)中(zhong)采用哪一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法，取決于工作現場的具(ju)體條件(jian)和(he)人員的 長(chang)與水平而(er)定。

　　用計算(suan)(suan)法獲取鑄鐵(cast iron)平(ping)(ping)臺對(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)法原(yuan)始(Original)數據的(de)方法對(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)法是以對(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)為理(li)想(xiang)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)評定(ding)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)度(du)(du)的(de)一種數據算(suan)(suan)得方法。數據處理(li)(processing)是將水平(ping)(ping)儀或自(zi)準直(zhi)儀得到的(de)截面(mian)各點相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)于該(gai)截面(mian)兩端點連線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)度(du)(du)偏差(cha)值折(zhe)合到對(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)上，計算(suan)(suan)出相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)于理(li)想(xiang)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)偏差(cha)。當按對(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)原(yuan)則(ze)評定(ding)時(shi)，則(ze)取其most大(da)偏差(cha)于most小偏差(cha)的(de)代數差(cha)為所求(qiu)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)度(du)(du)誤差(cha)值;當按most小條件原(yuan)則(ze)評定(ding)時(shi)，則(ze)將計算(suan)(suan)出相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)理(li)想(xiang)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)的(de)偏差(cha)作為對(dui)(dui)角(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)法的(de)原(yuan)始數據。

　　從(cong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)統計的(de)觀點看(kan)，欲得到比較合理(li)(li) 的(de)測量(liang)(liang)(cè liáng)結(jie)果(guo)，在數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理(li)(li)時(shi)應(ying)盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)充分利用測點提(ti)供的(de)測量(liang)(liang)(cè liáng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，而這些測量(liang)(liang)(cè liáng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)反映(ying)客觀實際。同時(shi)測量(liang)(liang)(cè liáng)截(jie)面(mian)與(yu)測點的(de)分布需(xu)與(yu)評定(ding)(ding)平面(mian)度(du)(du)誤差的(de)原則相適(shi)應(ying)，當(dang)與(yu)評定(ding)(ding)原則不符時(shi)，則應(ying)考慮(consider)便(bian)于(yu)對測量(liang)(liang)(cè liáng)結(jie)果(guo)進行基面(mian)變換。可見布線點的(de)方式將影響(xiang)平面(mian)度(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理(li)(li)的(de)復(fu)雜性及平面(mian)度(du)(du)誤差測量(liang)(liang)(cè liáng)準(zhun)備度(du)(du)。